Wednesday, February 15, 2023
MINI CHESS GAME
[Game and game rules provided by PlayPager]
GAME GUIDE
Chess board position
Chess is played by two players sitting across from each other. The board is positioned with a white square in the bottom-right corner towards you.
Chess setup
Your second row is filled with pawns. Starting from the left corner, your first row is set up as rook-knight-bishop-queen-king-bishop-knight-rook. The black pieces should mirror the white pieces so that each player’s Queen and King are across from each other.
Moving the Chess pieces
The object of the game is to capture your opponent’s king. This is done through the movement of your pieces. Different pieces move in different ways:
The Queen can move any direction and any number of squares.
The bishops can move diagonally any number of squares.
The Knights move in an L-shape, two squares up back or side to side then one square perpendicular to the first move or vice versa, moving one square then two squares. The knight is the only piece that can move over other pieces.
The rooks can move forwards backwards and side-to-side any number of squares.
The pawns can move one square forward, except for a pawns first move which can be one or two squares forward.
Chess rules
When a piece makes a move that ends on an opponent’s piece that piece is captured and removed from the board.
The pawns cannot capture a piece that is right in front of it. The can only capture a piece that is diagonally in front of them. This diagonal move by a pawn can only be made when capturing a piece.
The game begins with the white player going first. Each player can make one move per turn. Players take turns making moves with the goal of capturing the opposing King in mind.
When a move is made that can result in the opposing King being captured on the next move, “check” is announced. When check is announced, the opposing player must take the King out of danger by either moving the King or moving another piece to block it or capture the piece that is threatening the King.
When a move is made that a king cannot escape “checkmate” is announced. A king cannot make a move that would put itself into check. If no moves can be made without putting a king in check, the game is a draw.
If a pawn makes it all the way across the board it can be promoted to any piece.
When there are no other pieces between a king and his rook, the King can move two squares towards the rook and the rook is moved to the other side of the King. This is known as castling. The castling move can only be made if it is the King’s first move and the involved rooks first move also. The King cannot be in check or move through check to make this move.
When a pawn moves two squares on its first move an opposing pawn can capture it if it would have been able to capture the pawn had it only moved one square. The opposing piece would move as a normal attack and remove the pawn. This move has to be executed immediately after a pawns double jump move.
REVERSI OR OTHELLO
[Game and game rules provided by PlayPager]
GAME GUIDE
How to play Reversi & Othello
It’s very easy to learn how to play, but the endless possibilities in tactics and problem solving will keep you playing for years. “A minute to learn – a lifetime to master!”.
To start a game:
Press the play icon on the startup screen.
Select game mode: Play against a friend (2 player game) or play against the computer. Before selecting computer, you can alternatively set the difficulty level: 1 star = easy, 3 stars = hard.
When playing against the computer, you will have the black discs (game pieces) and you will make the first move by placing a black disc on the board. The computer will have the white discs.
App navigation:
Reversi and Othello game basics
The players take turn in placing one disc (game piece) on the board, with their designated color facing up.
The aim of each move in Reversi and Othello gaming is to trap one or more of your opponent’s discs between two of your own. When you trap discs, you can flip them over and thereby reverse their color to make them yours.
The game is over when both players have placed all their disks on the board, or when there are no more legal moves possible for either player. Whoever has the highest number of discs on the board is the winner.
Example 1 – Black player traps white player’s disc and flips it over:
Example 2 – Discs can also be trapped in several directions in one single move, and both in straight and diagonal lines:
Reversi and Othello game rules
In the modern game versions you are only allowed to make a move if you are able to trap one or more of your opponent’s discs.
If there’s no move you can make to trap discs, the move passes back to the other player.
If neither player can make a move to trap the opponent’s discs, the game is over (Stall).
You can only trap disks in straight or diagonal lines.
Reversi and Othello game tactics
After playing a few rounds, you will discover that there are some basic tactics that will give you an edge. For instance, discs placed in the corners of the board are immune to be flipped for the rest of the game. And discs placed along the edge can only be attacked from the sides. Consequently, it would be a helpful tactic to secure positions like that.
Likewise, it can be a good tactic to avoid giving your opponent the opportunity to occupy those places. For example, try not to be the first one to place a disc on a position next to a corner or the edge, because that will give your opponent a chance to secure that corner or that edge position in a later move.
Example 3 – Suggested beginner tactic: Grab any opportunity to get the blue positions. Try to avoid the red positions in the early stages of the game.
Reversi and Othello game history
Reversi is an abstract strategy board game for two players invented in 1883 in England. The German games publisher Ravensburger put the board game into production. It consisted of a board with a grid net divided into 8 columns and 8 rows. 64 disk shaped checkers served as pieces, colored black on one side and white on the other. Each of the disks’ two sides corresponded to one player. Each player placed their disks on the grid alternately with their color facing up. When one or more of a player’s disk was trapped between two of the opponent’s opposite colored disks in a straight or diagonal line, they would be turned over and thereby change color. The player that had the most disks at the end of the game was declared winner.
Various rules were added to the gameplay later to refine the game, and it achieved extreme popularity in the 1970’s, when marketed as Othello. The name Othello is a reference to the Shakespearean play, referring to the unfolding drama between Othello, who is black, and Desdemona, who is white. The green board is inspired by Othello valiantly leading his battle in a green field.
CHECKERS / DRAUGHTS
[Game and game rules provided by PlayPager]
GAME GUIDE
How to play Checkers and Draughts
To start a game:Press the play icon on the startup screen.
Select game mode: Play against a friend (2 player game) or play against the computer (1 player game).
Online Checkers game basics
The game is played by two opponents who faces each other on opposite sides of the checkers gameboard. One of the players has the dark colour pieces and the other one has the light colour pieces.
The two players alternate turns in the game. It is not legal to move an opponent’s piece. A player can move a piece diagonally to an adjacent unoccupied square. If one of the opponent’s pieces occupy that adjacent square, and the square immediately beyond it is vacant, the opponent’s piece may be captured and removed from the game by jumping over it.
When one of the pieces reaches the other side of the board (the row farthest from the player), called the “kings’ row” or “crownhead”, the piece will become “king” and is marked by adding an additional piece on top of it. In this online game, the kings are marked with a crown. Kings have the ability to move and capture backwards as well as forwards.
King: A black piece has travelled to the kings’ row and turned into a king.
Checkers rules
It is only legal to move pieces on the dark squares of the checkers board. A piece may move only diagonally into an unoccupied square and capturing an opponent’s piece is mandatory in most official rules. The player without pieces remaining, or who cannot move, loses the game.
Checkers rules: Mandatory jump. It’s whites turn, and due to the black piece laying next to the marked white piece with a vacant square immediately beyond it, white is forced to jump over it and capture it.
Checkers history
A written mention of a game called Alquerque is found in the “Kitab al-Aghani”, a 10th-century encyclopedic collection of songs and poems. The Alquerque game was essentially similar to modern Draughts and Checkers games but played on a 5×5 board.
Some modern rules were added later, including the crowning of pieces to kings (13th century) and mandatory capture (16th century).
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